
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Colman, Benjamin P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arnaout, Christina L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anciaux, Sarah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gunsch, Claudia K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hochella, Michael F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim, Bojeong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lowry, Gregory V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McGill, Bonnie M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reinsch, Brian C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Curtis J. Richardson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Unrine, Jason M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wright, Justin P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yin, Liyan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bernhardt, Emily S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Low Concentrations of Silver Nanoparticles in Biosolids Cause Adverse Ecosystem Responses under Realistic Field Scenario</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PLoS ONE</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PLoS ONE</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">02/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">e57189</style></pages><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A large fraction of engineered nanomaterials in consumer and commercial products will reach natural ecosystems. To date, research on the biological impacts of environmental nanomaterial exposures has largely focused on high-concentration exposures in mechanistic lab studies with single strains of model organisms. These results are difficult to extrapolate to ecosystems, where exposures will likely be at low-concentrations and which are inhabited by a diversity of organisms. Here we show adverse responses of plants and microorganisms in a replicated long-term terrestrial mesocosm field experiment following a single low dose of silver nanoparticles (0.14 mg Ag kg−1 soil) applied via a likely route of exposure, sewage biosolid application. While total aboveground plant biomass did not differ between treatments receiving biosolids, one plant species, Microstegium vimeneum, had 32 % less biomass in the Slurry+AgNP treatment relative to the Slurry only treatment. Microorganisms were also affected by AgNP treatment, which gave a significantly different community composition of bacteria in the Slurry+AgNPs as opposed to the Slurry treatment one day after addition as analyzed by T-RFLP analysis of 16S-rRNA genes. After eight days, N2O flux was 4.5 fold higher in the Slurry+AgNPs treatment than the Slurry treatment. After fifty days, community composition and N2O flux of the Slurry+AgNPs treatment converged with the Slurry. However, the soil microbial extracellular enzymes leucine amino peptidase and phosphatase had 52 and 27% lower activities, respectively, while microbial biomass was 35% lower than the Slurry. We also show that the magnitude of these responses was in all cases as large as or larger than the positive control, AgNO3, added at 4-fold the Ag concentration of the silver nanoparticles.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue></record></records></xml>