
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Levard, Clement</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reinsch, Brian C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Michel, F. Marc</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oumahi, Camella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lowry, Gregory V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brown, Gordon E.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sulfidation processes of PVP-coated silver nanoparticles in aqueous solution: impact on dissolution rate</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Science &amp; Technology</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es2007758</style></url></web-urls></urls><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></number><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">American Chemical Society</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">45</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5260-5266</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0013-936X</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Despite the increasing use of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) in nanotechnology and their toxicity to invertebrates, the transformations and fate of Ag-NPs in the environment are poorly understood. This work focuses on the sulfidation processes of PVP-coated Ag-NPs, one of the most likely corrosion phenomena that may happen in the environment. The sulfur to Ag-NPs ratio was varied in order to control the extent of Ag-NPs transformation to silver sulfide (Ag(2)S). A combination of synchrotron-based X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure spectroscopy shows the increasing formation of Ag(2)S with an increasing sulfur to Ag-NPs ratio. TEM observations show that Ag(2)S forms nanobridges between the Ag-NPs leading to chain-like structures. In addition, sulfidation strongly affects surface properties of the Ag-NPs in terms of surface charge and dissolution rate. Both may affect the reactivity, transport, and toxicity of Ag-NPs in soils. In particular, the decrease of dissolution rate as a function of sulfide exposure may strongly limit Ag-NPs toxicity since released Ag(+) ions are known to be a major factor in the toxicity of Ag-NPs.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doi: 10.1021/es2007758</style></notes><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></label></record></records></xml>